Concepts
7 concepts
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Convolutional Neural Networks
Layered convolutional filters that learn spatial feature hierarchies — the backbone of modern computer vision.
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Sequence-to-Sequence Learning
Mapping one variable-length sequence to another with an encoder–decoder, the framing behind neural translation and beyond.
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Pretraining & Transfer Learning
Training a large model on a broad corpus once, then adapting it to many downstream tasks — the paradigm behind BERT and GPT.
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Generative Models
Learning to generate data — images, text, audio — by modeling its distribution, often through an adversarial game.
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Attention Mechanism
Letting a model weight over all positions of its input, so it can focus on the relevant parts rather than a fixed-size summary.
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Transformers
An architecture built entirely from attention and feed-forward layers, dispensing with recurrence — now the default for language and much else.
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Optimization
The algorithms that actually move the weights: adaptive step sizes, momentum, and the tricks that make deep training converge.